Author(s): Pritha Mandal and Shreyasi Das

Abstract:
The first two postnatal months, the mineral sufficiency of fortified mothers' milk was investigated for Extremely Small Birth Weight (or, VLBW) infants. The feeding of human milk had a greater impact on the outcomes examined than any other feeding technique in a large-scale investigation of methods of feeding in premature newborns (early vs. later commencement of enteral feeding, continual vs. bolus tube feeding, and human milk versus formula). Preterm infants cannot get enough nutrition from Human Milk (HM), which is the best food for newborns. Although there is a chance that HM fortifiers derived from highly processed mature bovine milk (BMFs) could cause systemic infection and gastrointestinal dysfunction, they are frequently utilized for preterm babies. The deficiency of certain nutrients, mainly protein, calcium, and phosphate, should be supplied (fortified) into human milk to meet the needs of preterm newborns and extremely low birth weights infants. In young, healthy individuals, the addition of folic acid to fortified human milk improved folate status and lowered plasma total homocysteine levels. In order to improve people's folate level, milk is a good matrix for fortification. Regarding the accessibility of folic acid, respectively, from milk, there was no discernible impact of endogenous FBP. Giving multinutrient-enriched human milk to preterm babies may accelerate their nutrient uptake and growth rates while also improving their neurodevelopmental outcomes. Preterm newborns' cognitive outcomes, growth rates, and food intake can all be accelerated by fortified human milk containing vitamin D3.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/23957476.2025.v11.i1a.1752