Author(s): Theophilus Deenadayal and Tarun Jain

Abstract:
The Adansonia digitata L. tree, commonly known as the African baobab, holds significant ecological, morphological, and cultural importance, particularly in semi-arid regions where its unique adaptations make it a cornerstone species. This study focuses on a solitary Adansonia digitata L. specimen located in Devadurga Taluk, Raichur District, Karnataka, India. The tree, estimated to be 487-500 years old, exhibits remarkable morphological characteristics, including a trunk circumference of 13.17 meters, a canopy spread of 20 meters, and a hollow cavity at its base that supports local biodiversity. Ecological observations reveal the tree’s critical role as a keystone species, providing food, shelter, and habitat for diverse flora and fauna. Its flowers attract pollinators such as bats and bees, while its fruits, rich in nutrients, sustain wildlife and local communities during dry seasons. The baobab also enriches the surrounding soil with organic matter, contributing to ecosystem stability in an otherwise nutrient-poor environment. Culturally, the tree is deeply embedded in the traditions of the local community. Referred to as the “life tree,” it serves as a site for rituals, a source of medicinal remedies, and a gathering point for social activities. Despite its resilience, the tree faces threats from human interference, climate change, and its isolated distribution, which limits genetic diversity and reproductive success. This study underscores the need for conservation efforts tailored to the tree’s ecological and cultural significance. Community engagement, sustainable use, and protective measures are recommended to ensure the longevity of this iconic species. The findings highlight the Adansonia digitata L. tree’s vital role in sustaining biodiversity and its potential as a model for biodiversity conservation in semi-arid ecosystems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/23957476.2024.v10.i3g.1738